OPC Studio User's Guide and Reference
SubscribeMultipleItems Method (IEasyDAClient)
Example 



OpcLabs.EasyOpcClassicCore Assembly > OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess Namespace > IEasyDAClient Interface : SubscribeMultipleItems Method
Array of arguments, one element per each OPC item involved in the operation.
Subscribe to changes of multiple OPC items. The ItemChanged event will be generated for each significant item change. Callback methods will be invoked if they are specified in the argument objects.
Syntax
'Declaration
 
<NotNullAttribute()>
Function SubscribeMultipleItems( _
   ByVal itemSubscriptionArgumentsArray() As EasyDAItemSubscriptionArguments _
) As Integer()
'Usage
 
Dim instance As IEasyDAClient
Dim itemSubscriptionArgumentsArray() As EasyDAItemSubscriptionArguments
Dim value() As Integer
 
value = instance.SubscribeMultipleItems(itemSubscriptionArgumentsArray)
[NotNull()]
int[] SubscribeMultipleItems( 
   EasyDAItemSubscriptionArguments[] itemSubscriptionArgumentsArray
)

Parameters

itemSubscriptionArgumentsArray
Array of arguments, one element per each OPC item involved in the operation.

Return Value

The function returns an array of integer handles. Each such handle uniquely identifies the item subscription. The indices of elements in the output array are the same as those in the input array, itemSubscriptionArgumentsArray.
Exceptions
ExceptionDescription

A null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic) is passed to a method that does not accept it as a valid argument.

This is a usage error, i.e. it will never occur (the exception will not be thrown) in a correctly written program. Your code should not catch this exception.

Remarks
The size of the input array will become the size of the output array. The element positions (indices) in the output array are the same as in the input array.

 

This method operates (at least in part) asynchronously, with respect to the caller. The actual execution of the operation may be delayed, and the outcome of the operation (if any) is provided to the calling code using an event notification, callback, or other means explained in the text. In a properly written program, this method does not throw any exceptions. You should therefore not put try/catch statements or similar constructs around calls to this method. The only exceptions thrown by this method are for usage errors, i.e. when your code violates the usage contract of the method, such as passing in invalid arguments or calling the method when the state of the object does not allow it. Any operation-related errors (i.e. errors that depend on external conditions that your code cannot reliably check) are indicated by the means the operation returns its outcome (if any), which is described in the text. For more information, see Do not catch any exceptions with asynchronous or multiple-operation methods.
Example

.NET

.NET

.NET

// This example shows how subscribe to changes of multiple items and display each change, identifying the different
// subscriptions by an integer.
//
// Find all latest examples here: https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .

using System;
using System.Threading;
using OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess;
using OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess.OperationModel;

namespace DocExamples.DataAccess._EasyDAClient
{
    partial class SubscribeMultipleItems
    {
        public static void StateAsInteger()
        {
            // Instantiate the client object.
            using (var client = new EasyDAClient())
            {
                // Hook events
                client.ItemChanged += client_StateAsInteger_ItemChanged;

                Console.WriteLine("Subscribing...");
                int[] handleArray = client.SubscribeMultipleItems(new[]
                {
                    new DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Simulation.Random", 1000,
                        state: 1), // An integer we have chosen to identify the subscription
                    new DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Trends.Ramp (1 min)", 1000,
                        state: 2), // An integer we have chosen to identify the subscription
                    new DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Trends.Sine (1 min)", 1000,
                        state: 3), // An integer we have chosen to identify the subscription
                    new DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Simulation.Register_I4", 1000,
                        state: 4) // An integer we have chosen to identify the subscription
                });

                for (int i = 0; i < handleArray.Length; i++)
                    Console.WriteLine($"handleArray[{i}]: {handleArray[i]}");

                Console.WriteLine("Processing item changed events for 10 seconds...");
                Thread.Sleep(10 * 1000);

                Console.WriteLine("Unsubscribing...");
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Waiting for 5 seconds...");
            Thread.Sleep(5 * 1000);

            Console.WriteLine("Finished.");
        }

        // Item changed event handler
        static void client_StateAsInteger_ItemChanged(object sender, EasyDAItemChangedEventArgs eventArgs)
        {
            // Obtain the integer state we have passed in.
            var stateAsInteger = (int)eventArgs.Arguments.State;

            // Display the data
            if (eventArgs.Succeeded)
                Console.WriteLine($"{stateAsInteger}: {eventArgs.Vtq}");
            else
                Console.WriteLine($"{stateAsInteger} *** Failure: {eventArgs.ErrorMessageBrief}");
        }
    }
}
# This example shows how subscribe to changes of multiple items and display each change, identifying the different
# subscriptions by an integer.
#
# Find all latest examples here: https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .
# OPC client and subscriber examples in Python on GitHub: https://github.com/OPCLabs/Examples-QuickOPC-Python .
# The QuickOPC package is needed. Install it using "pip install opclabs_quickopc".
import opclabs_quickopc
import time

# Import .NET namespaces.
from OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess import *
from OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess.OperationModel import *


# Item changed event handler.
def itemChanged(sender, eventArgs):
    # Obtain the integer state we have passed in.
    stateAsInteger = int(eventArgs.Arguments.State)
    if eventArgs.Succeeded:
        print(stateAsInteger, ': ', eventArgs.Vtq, sep='')
    else:
        print(stateAsInteger, ' *** Failure: ', eventArgs.ErrorMessageBrief, sep='')


# Instantiate the client object.
client = EasyDAClient()
# Hook events.
client.ItemChanged += itemChanged

print('Subscribing item changes...')
handleArray = IEasyDAClientExtension.SubscribeMultipleItems(client, [
    DAItemGroupArguments('', 'OPCLabs.KitServer.2', 'Simulation.Random', 1000,
                         1),    # an integer we have chosen to identify the subscription
    DAItemGroupArguments('', 'OPCLabs.KitServer.2', 'Trends.Ramp (1 min)', 1000,
                         2),    # an integer we have chosen to identify the subscription
    DAItemGroupArguments('', 'OPCLabs.KitServer.2', 'Trends.Sine (1 min)', 1000,
                         3),    # an integer we have chosen to identify the subscription
    DAItemGroupArguments('', 'OPCLabs.KitServer.2', 'Simulation.Register_I4', 1000,
                         4),    # an integer we have chosen to identify the subscription
    ])

for i in range(len(handleArray)):
    print('handleArray[', i, ']: ', handleArray[i], sep='')

print('Processing item change notifications for 1 minute...')
time.sleep(60)

print('Unsubscribing all items...')
client.UnsubscribeAllItems()

client.ItemChanged -= itemChanged

print('Finished.')
' This example shows how subscribe to changes of multiple items and display each change, identifying the different
' subscriptions by an integer.
'
' Find all latest examples here: https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .

Imports System.Threading
Imports OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess
Imports OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess.OperationModel

Namespace DataAccess._EasyDAClient
    Partial Friend Class SubscribeMultipleItems
        Public Shared Sub StateAsInteger()
            ' Instantiate the client object.
            Using client = New EasyDAClient()
                AddHandler client.ItemChanged, AddressOf client_StateAsInteger_ItemChanged

                Console.WriteLine("Subscribing...")
                Dim handleArray() As Integer = client.SubscribeMultipleItems(New DAItemGroupArguments() {
                    New DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Simulation.Random", 1000,
                        state:=1), ' An integer we have chosen to identify the subscription
                    New DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Trends.Ramp (1 min)", 1000,
                        state:=2), ' An integer we have chosen to identify the subscription
                    New DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Trends.Sine (1 min)", 1000,
                        state:=3), ' An integer we have chosen to identify the subscription
                    New DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Simulation.Register_I4", 1000,
                        state:=4) ' An integer we have chosen to identify the subscription
                    })

                For i As Integer = 0 To handleArray.Length - 1
                    Console.WriteLine($"handleArray[{i}]: {handleArray(i)}")
                Next i

                Console.WriteLine("Processing item changed events for 10 seconds...")
                Thread.Sleep(10 * 1000)

                Console.WriteLine("Unsubscribing...")
            End Using

            Console.WriteLine("Waiting for 5 seconds...")
            Thread.Sleep(5 * 1000)

            Console.WriteLine("Finished.")
        End Sub

        ' Item changed event handler
        Private Shared Sub client_StateAsInteger_ItemChanged(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal eventArgs As EasyDAItemChangedEventArgs)
            ' Obtain the integer state we have passed in.
            Dim stateAsInteger As Integer = CInt(eventArgs.Arguments.State)

            If eventArgs.Succeeded Then
                Console.WriteLine($"{stateAsInteger}: {eventArgs.Vtq}")
            Else
                Console.WriteLine($"{stateAsInteger} *** Failure: {eventArgs.ErrorMessageBrief}")
            End If
        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace
// This example shows how subscribe to changes of multiple items and display each change, identifying the different
// subscriptions by an object.
//
// Find all latest examples here: https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .

using System;
using System.Threading;
using OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess;
using OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess.OperationModel;

namespace DocExamples.DataAccess._EasyDAClient
{
    partial class SubscribeMultipleItems
    {
        class CustomObject
        {
            public CustomObject(string name)
            {
                Name = name;
            }

            public string Name { get; }
        }


        public static void StateAsObject()
        {
            // Instantiate the client object.
            using (var client = new EasyDAClient())
            {
                // Hook events
                client.ItemChanged += client_StateAsObject_ItemChanged;

                Console.WriteLine("Subscribing...");
                int[] handleArray = client.SubscribeMultipleItems(new[]
                {
                    new DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Simulation.Random", 1000,
                        new CustomObject("First")), // A custom object that corresponds to the subscription
                    new DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Trends.Ramp (1 min)", 1000,
                        new CustomObject("Second")), // A custom object that corresponds to the subscription
                    new DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Trends.Sine (1 min)", 1000,
                        new CustomObject("Third")), // A custom object that corresponds to the subscription
                    new DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Simulation.Register_I4", 1000,
                        new CustomObject("Fourth")) // A custom object that corresponds to the subscription
                });

                for (int i = 0; i < handleArray.Length; i++)
                    Console.WriteLine($"handleArray[{i}]: {handleArray[i]}");

                Console.WriteLine("Processing item changed events for 10 seconds...");
                Thread.Sleep(10 * 1000);

                Console.WriteLine("Unsubscribing...");
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Waiting for 5 seconds...");
            Thread.Sleep(5 * 1000);

            Console.WriteLine("Finished.");
        }

        // Item changed event handler
        static void client_StateAsObject_ItemChanged(object sender, EasyDAItemChangedEventArgs eventArgs)
        {
            // Obtain the custom object we have passed in.
            var stateAsObject = (CustomObject)eventArgs.Arguments.State;

            // Display the data
            if (eventArgs.Succeeded)
                Console.WriteLine($"{stateAsObject.Name}: {eventArgs.Vtq}");
            else
                Console.WriteLine($"{stateAsObject.Name} *** Failure: {eventArgs.ErrorMessageBrief}");
        }
    }
}
# This example shows how subscribe to changes of multiple items and display each change, identifying the different
# subscriptions by an object.
#
# Find all latest examples here: https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .
# OPC client and subscriber examples in Python on GitHub: https://github.com/OPCLabs/Examples-QuickOPC-Python .
# The QuickOPC package is needed. Install it using "pip install opclabs_quickopc".
import opclabs_quickopc
import time

# Import .NET namespaces.
from OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess import *
from OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess.OperationModel import *


class CustomObject(object):
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name


# Item changed event handler.
def itemChanged(sender, eventArgs):
    # Obtain the custom object we have passed in.
    stateAsObject = eventArgs.Arguments.State
    if eventArgs.Succeeded:
        print(stateAsObject.name, ': ', eventArgs.Vtq, sep='')
    else:
        print(stateAsObject.name, ' *** Failure: ', eventArgs.ErrorMessageBrief, sep='')


# Instantiate the client object.
client = EasyDAClient()
# Hook events.
client.ItemChanged += itemChanged

print('Subscribing item changes...')
handleArray = IEasyDAClientExtension.SubscribeMultipleItems(client, [
    DAItemGroupArguments('', 'OPCLabs.KitServer.2', 'Simulation.Random', 1000,
                         CustomObject('First')),    # a custom object that corresponds to the subscription
    DAItemGroupArguments('', 'OPCLabs.KitServer.2', 'Trends.Ramp (1 min)', 1000,
                         CustomObject('Second')),   # a custom object that corresponds to the subscription
    DAItemGroupArguments('', 'OPCLabs.KitServer.2', 'Trends.Sine (1 min)', 1000,
                         CustomObject('Third')),    # a custom object that corresponds to the subscription
    DAItemGroupArguments('', 'OPCLabs.KitServer.2', 'Simulation.Register_I4', 1000,
                         CustomObject('Fourth')),   # a custom object that corresponds to the subscription
    ])

for i in range(len(handleArray)):
    print('handleArray[', i, ']: ', handleArray[i], sep='')

print('Processing item change notifications for 1 minute...')
time.sleep(60)

print('Unsubscribing all items...')
client.UnsubscribeAllItems()

client.ItemChanged -= itemChanged

print('Finished.')
' This example shows how subscribe to changes of multiple items and display each change, identifying the different
' subscriptions by an object.
'
' Find all latest examples here: https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .

Imports System.Threading
Imports OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess
Imports OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess.OperationModel

Namespace DataAccess._EasyDAClient
    Partial Friend Class SubscribeMultipleItems

        Private Class CustomObject
            Sub New(name As String)
                Me.Name = name
            End Sub

            Public ReadOnly Property Name As String
        End Class

        Public Shared Sub StateAsObject()
            ' Instantiate the client object.
            Using client = New EasyDAClient()
                AddHandler client.ItemChanged, AddressOf client_StateAsObject_ItemChanged

                Console.WriteLine("Subscribing...")
                Dim handleArray() As Integer = client.SubscribeMultipleItems(New DAItemGroupArguments() {
                    New DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Simulation.Random", 1000,
                        New CustomObject("First")), ' A custom object that corresponds to the subscription
                    New DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Trends.Ramp (1 min)", 1000,
                        New CustomObject("Second")), ' A custom object that corresponds to the subscription
                    New DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Trends.Sine (1 min)", 1000,
                        New CustomObject("Third")), ' A custom object that corresponds to the subscription
                    New DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Simulation.Register_I4", 1000,
                        New CustomObject("Fourth")) ' A custom object that corresponds to the subscription
                    })

                For i As Integer = 0 To handleArray.Length - 1
                    Console.WriteLine($"handleArray[{i}]: {handleArray(i)}")
                Next i

                Console.WriteLine("Processing item changed events for 10 seconds...")
                Thread.Sleep(10 * 1000)

                Console.WriteLine("Unsubscribing...")
            End Using

            Console.WriteLine("Waiting for 5 seconds...")
            Thread.Sleep(5 * 1000)

            Console.WriteLine("Finished.")
        End Sub

        ' Item changed event handler
        Private Shared Sub client_StateAsObject_ItemChanged(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal eventArgs As EasyDAItemChangedEventArgs)
            ' Obtain the custom object we have passed in.
            Dim stateAsObject As CustomObject = CType(eventArgs.Arguments.State, CustomObject)

            If eventArgs.Succeeded Then
                Console.WriteLine($"{stateAsObject.Name}: {eventArgs.Vtq}")
            Else
                Console.WriteLine($"{stateAsObject.Name} *** Failure: {eventArgs.ErrorMessageBrief}")
            End If
        End Sub
    End Class
End Namespace
// This example shows how to store current state of the subscribed items in a dictionary.
//
// Find all latest examples here: https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess;
using OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess.OperationModel;

namespace DocExamples.DataAccess._EasyDAClient
{
    partial class SubscribeMultipleItems
    {
        public static void StoreInDictionary()
        {
            // Instantiate the client object.
            using (var client = new EasyDAClient())
            {
                client.ItemChanged += client_ItemChanged_StoreInDictionary;

                Console.WriteLine("Subscribing item changes...");
                client.SubscribeMultipleItems(
                    new[] {
                            new DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Simulation.Random", 1000, null), 
                            new DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Trends.Ramp (1 min)", 1000, null), 
                            new DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Trends.Sine (1 min)", 1000, null),  
                            new DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Simulation.Register_I4", 1000, null)
                        });

                Console.WriteLine("Processing item changed events for 1 minute...");
                int startTickCount = Environment.TickCount;
                do
                {
                    Thread.Sleep(5*1000);

                    // Each 5 seconds, display the current state of the items we have subscribed to.
                    lock (_serialize)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine();
                        foreach (KeyValuePair<DAItemDescriptor, DAVtqResult> pair in _vtqResultDictionary)
                        {
                            DAItemDescriptor itemDescriptor = pair.Key;
                            DAVtqResult vtqResult = pair.Value;
                            Console.WriteLine($"{itemDescriptor}: {vtqResult}");
                        }

                        // The code above shows how you can process the complete contents of the dictionary. In other
                        // scenarios, you may want to access just a specific entry in the dictionary. You can achieve that
                        // by indexing the dictionary by the item descriptor of the item you are interested in.
                    }
                } while (Environment.TickCount < startTickCount + 60*1000);

                Console.WriteLine("Unsubscribing item changes...");
            }

            Console.WriteLine("Finished.");
        }

        // Item changed event handler
        static void client_ItemChanged_StoreInDictionary(object sender, EasyDAItemChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            lock (_serialize)
                // Convert the event arguments to a DAVtq result object, and store it in the dictionary under the key which
                // is the item descriptor of the item this item changed event is for.
                _vtqResultDictionary[e.Arguments.ItemDescriptor] = (DAVtqResult)e;
        }

        // Holds last known state of each subscribed item.
        private static readonly Dictionary<DAItemDescriptor, DAVtqResult> _vtqResultDictionary = 
            new Dictionary<DAItemDescriptor, DAVtqResult>();

        // Synchronization object used to prevent simultaneous access to the dictionary.
        private static readonly object _serialize = new object();
    }
}
# This example shows how to store current state of the subscribed items in a dictionary.
#
# Find all latest examples here: https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .
# OPC client and subscriber examples in Python on GitHub: https://github.com/OPCLabs/Examples-QuickOPC-Python .
# The QuickOPC package is needed. Install it using "pip install opclabs_quickopc".
import opclabs_quickopc
import threading
import time

# Import .NET namespaces.
from OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess import *
from OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess.OperationModel import *


lock = threading.Lock()
vtqResultDictionary = {}

# Item changed event handler.
def itemChanged(sender, eventArgs):
    global lock
    global vtqResultDictionary
    with lock:
        # Convert the event arguments to a DAVtq result object, and store it in the dictionary under the key which
        # is the item descriptor of the item this item changed event is for.
        vtqResultDictionary[eventArgs.Arguments.ItemDescriptor] = EasyDAItemChangedEventArgs.ToDAVtqResult(eventArgs)


# Instantiate the client object.
client = EasyDAClient()
# Hook events.
client.ItemChanged += itemChanged

print('Subscribing item changes...')
handleArray = IEasyDAClientExtension.SubscribeMultipleItems(client, [
    DAItemGroupArguments('', 'OPCLabs.KitServer.2', 'Simulation.Random', 1000, None),
    DAItemGroupArguments('', 'OPCLabs.KitServer.2', 'Trends.Ramp (1 min)', 1000, None),
    DAItemGroupArguments('', 'OPCLabs.KitServer.2', 'Trends.Sine (1 min)', 1000, None),
    DAItemGroupArguments('', 'OPCLabs.KitServer.2', 'Simulation.Register_I4', 1000, None),
    ])

for i in range(len(handleArray)):
    print('handleArray[', i, ']: ', handleArray[i], sep='')

print('Processing item change notifications for 1 minute...')
endTime = time.time() + 60
while time.time() < endTime:
    time.sleep(5)
    #
    # Each 5 seconds, display the current state of the items we have subscribed to.
    with lock:
        print()
        print('Current state of the items:')
        for itemDescriptor, vtqResult in vtqResultDictionary.items():
            print(itemDescriptor, ': ', vtqResult, sep='')
        #
        # The code above shows how you can process the complete contents of the dictionary. In other
        # scenarios, you may want to access just a specific entry in the dictionary. You can achieve that
        # by indexing the dictionary by the item descriptor of the item you are interested in.

print()
print('Unsubscribing all items...')
client.UnsubscribeAllItems()

client.ItemChanged -= itemChanged

print('Finished.')
' This example shows how to store current state of the subscribed items in a dictionary.
'
' Find all latest examples here: https://opclabs.doc-that.com/files/onlinedocs/OPCLabs-OpcStudio/Latest/examples.html .

Imports System.Threading
Imports OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess
Imports OpcLabs.EasyOpc.DataAccess.OperationModel

Namespace DataAccess._EasyDAClient
    Partial Friend Class SubscribeMultipleItems
        Public Shared Sub StoreInDictionary()
            ' Instantiate the client object.
            Using client = New EasyDAClient()
                AddHandler client.ItemChanged, AddressOf client_ItemChanged_StoreInDictionary

                Console.WriteLine("Subscribing item changes...")
                client.SubscribeMultipleItems(New DAItemGroupArguments() {
                    New DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Simulation.Random", 1000, Nothing),
                    New DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Trends.Ramp (1 min)", 1000, Nothing),
                    New DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Trends.Sine (1 min)", 1000, Nothing),
                    New DAItemGroupArguments("", "OPCLabs.KitServer.2", "Simulation.Register_I4", 1000, Nothing)
                })

                Console.WriteLine("Processing item changed events for 1 minute...")
                Dim startTickCount As Integer = Environment.TickCount
                Do
                    Thread.Sleep(5 * 1000)

                    ' Each 5 seconds, display the current state of the items we have subscribed to.
                    SyncLock _serialize
                        Console.WriteLine()
                        For Each pair As KeyValuePair(Of DAItemDescriptor, DAVtqResult) In _vtqResultDictionary
                            Dim itemDescriptor As DAItemDescriptor = pair.Key
                            Dim vtqResult = pair.Value
                            Console.WriteLine($"{itemDescriptor}: {vtqResult}")
                        Next

                        ' The code above shows how you can process the complete contents of the dictionary. In other
                        ' scenarios, you may want to access just a specific entry in the dictionary. You can achieve that
                        ' by indexing the dictionary by the item descriptor of the item you are interested in.
                    End SyncLock
                Loop While Environment.TickCount < startTickCount + 60 * 1000

                Console.WriteLine("Unsubscribing item changes...")
            End Using

            Console.WriteLine("Finished.")
        End Sub

        ' Item changed event handler
        Private Shared Sub client_ItemChanged_StoreInDictionary(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EasyDAItemChangedEventArgs)
            SyncLock _serialize
                ' Convert the event arguments to a DAVtq result object, and store it in the dictionary under the key which
                ' is the item descriptor of the item this item changed event is for.
                _vtqResultDictionary(e.Arguments.ItemDescriptor) = CType(e, DAVtqResult)
            End SyncLock
        End Sub

        ' Holds last known state of each subscribed item.
        Private Shared ReadOnly _vtqResultDictionary As New Dictionary(Of DAItemDescriptor, DAVtqResult)

        ' Synchronization object used to prevent simultaneous access to the dictionary.
        Private Shared ReadOnly _serialize As New Object
    End Class
End Namespace
Requirements

Target Platforms: .NET Framework: Windows 10 (selected versions), Windows 11 (selected versions), Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2022; .NET: Linux, macOS, Microsoft Windows

See Also